Untranslatability Internal

fand er sich in seinem Bett … verwandelt

de-ja-fr-kafka-fand-sich-verwandelt · Gutenberg · map/gutenberg-seeds.yaml

Reflexive discovery + resultative: the discoverer is the discovered and the change is already complete, with no agent. Japanese lacks a natural reflexive 'find oneself' and wants a perception frame.

German de

fand er sich in seinem Bett … verwandelt

Word

Reflexive discovery + resultative: the discoverer is the discovered and the change is already complete, with no agent.

Note

Geometry-vs-packaging case: same event structure, different surface arity. Avoid an agentive passive ('was transformed by…').

Compensations recorded: se trouva dans son lit transformé, ベッドの中で自分が…に変わっていることに気づいた.

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